While many languages are said to be difficult for the non- native to acquire, Japanese is rumored to be particularly difficult. In addition to the linguistic and cultural difficulties that beset the n

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While many languages are said to be difficult for the non-
native to acquire, Japanese is rumored to be particularly
difficult. In addition to the linguistic and cultural difficulties
that beset the non-native speaker of Japanese, it has been
hypothesized that non-Japanese residents of Japan who learn
the language well are treated poorly Japanese natives, either
because they find fluency in Japanese non-Japanese to be
offensive, or because they have no expectation that non-
Japanese can really learn the language well. Roy Andrew Miller
(1977, 1982) has written much in this area, and posits a “Law of
Inverse Returns” which states that the better the foreign learn-
er’s Japanese is, the worse the reaction of the Japanese native
population will be to the learner’s use of Japanese. The purpose
of this paper is to evaluate Miller’s “Law of Inverse Returns”
from the perspective of five successful learners of Japanese as a
second language who have achieved native-like ability in
Japanese.

lang: ru+en

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